Black holes, the all-consuming gravitational behemoths of the universe, have long held a mystical allure for both laypeople and scientists. In a remarkable paper published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, scientists hint at the presence of multiple black holes in the Hyades cluster. Notably, this will position them as the closest black holes to our home planet.

Led by Stefano Torniamenti from the University of Padua, the study is the fruit of international collaboration, notably with Professor Mark Gieles from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC), along with Friedrich Anders from the same institutes. This pioneering research took place during Torniamenti's research tenure at ICCUB, a renowned unit under IEEC.

The profound fascination with black holes, especially the small ones, was invigorated after the groundbreaking detection of gravitational waves in 2015. These waves unveiled the cosmic dance of merging low-mass black holes, opening an entire realm of possibilities and questions.

To understand the potential black holes within the Hyades cluster, the team used advanced simulations that meticulously replicated the motions and evolutions of stars within the cluster. Located roughly 150 light-years away, the Hyades is an open cluster, which is a loosely bound congregation of stars sharing specific properties. The veracity of these simulations was cross-checked with the European Space Agency's (ESA) Gaia satellite's observations.

Torniamenti elaborates, "Our simulations can only simultaneously match the mass and size of the Hyades if some black holes are present at the centre of the cluster today (or until recently)." The most consistent simulation results indicated the presence of two or three black holes. Yet, scenarios where black holes were ejected from the cluster around 150 million years ago also aligned well, suggesting that the cluster's evolution retained evidence of its past black hole inhabitants.

These findings push the boundaries of our understanding, asserting that these black holes still reside within, or in the vicinity of, the Hyades cluster. This revelation trumps the previous nearest black hole candidate, Gaia BH1, making the Hyades black holes the closest to our Sun.

The Gaia space telescope's recent innovations have revolutionized the study of open cluster stars, allowing for the accurate pinpointing of individual stars. Mark Gieles from UB Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics comments, "This observation helps us understand how the presence of black holes affects the evolution of star clusters and how star clusters in turn contribute to gravitational wave sources."

The study enhances deeper insights of universe

Moreover, these observations illuminate the enigmatic distribution of these cosmic anomalies across our galaxy, shedding light on their mysterious nature. This collaborative venture, encompassing global institutions like the University of Cambridge and the European Southern Observatory, paves the way for deeper insights into the vast expanse of our universe.